Commentary on Anthem for Doomed Youth by Wilfred Owens Essay

The sonnet â€Å"Anthem for Doomed Youth† by Wilfred Owen explores the horrific and tragic conditions of the deaths of World War I soldiers on the Western front. By contrasting the soldiers’ deaths with the customary Christian funeral ceremonies, Owen comments on the dark irony that the young men who gave their lives to serve â€Å"God and their country† were denied the respectful yet superficial rituals that the religious society value so much. The title of the poem well expresses the sentiments Owen conveys throughout the sonnet. The use of the term â€Å"anthem†, which is usually refers to a joyous and often religious song of praise, is in this case referring to the widely held view that fighting for one’s country is joyous and honorable. This anthem, however, is for â€Å"Doomed Youth†, and there is a dark irony that this widely held sense of pride and nationalism about war actually results in futility and death. Owen chooses to describe the young soldiers as â€Å"doomed† because they are destined for death as soon as they enter the army, because of the futility of the strategies used in this war. The soldiers are also referred to as â€Å"youth† to emphasize their innocence and create the image of healthy, fit young men dying for nothing, which arouses pity in the reader. The first stanza is an octave that describes the horrifically violent conditions of these young soldiers’ deaths by contrasting and juxtaposing auditory imagery of the battlefield as the soldiers die with descriptions of customary funeral ceremonies. The first line is a rhetorical question, which forces the reader to truly ponder all that the soldiers lack in terms of acknowledgment and ceremonies of death, and this encouragement to think is further enhanced by the hyphen in the beginning of the second line, which forces the reader to pause. Owen emphasizes the shocking nature of the soldiers’ world, the war, by saying that the soldiers â€Å"die as cattle†, which conveys the manner in which these young men are slaughtered inhumanely as if they are worthless and are treated as if they have no identity. Instead of â€Å"passing-bells†, which is society’s way of acknowledging a death, these soldiers receive the â€Å"only the monstrous anger of the guns†, which indicates that their death goes unnoticed as if they were just cattle. Furthermore, Owen comments on all the rituals and customs that the soldiers fail to receive. The personification of the guns as being â€Å"angry† contrasts to the solemn sorrow the soldiers should have received upon their death. The repetition of â€Å"only† in lines 2 and 3 emphasizes all that the soldiers lack, as we are then told that instead of funeral prayers, the soldiers instead hear the â€Å"stuttering rifles’ rapid rattle†; the alliteration echoes the gunfire and the onomatopoeia allows the reader to hear the harshness and irregular but constant sounds of the guns. By implying that these guns â€Å"patter out their hasty orisons†, Owen points out the irony that these men who have gone to war for God are being killed and must have â€Å"orisons† muttered for them by the deadly machines that are responsible for their death. The â€Å"orisons† are described as â€Å"hasty†, which indicates the rapid pace of the war and the fact that these soldiers have little time to live. Furthermore, instead of church choirs, the soldiers hear the â€Å"shrill, demented choirs of wailing shells†, which seems to suggest a demonic sound, perhaps implying that the soldiers receive no peace even after death. The personification of the shells as â€Å"wailing† is ironic because the weapons that killed the soldiers sound as if they are mourning for them. Further down the stanza, Owen subtly criticizes the Christian religion and its ceremonies as he describes the funeral customs as â€Å"mockeries†. This term suggests the irony in the fact that these soldiers, who have given their lives for God and their country, are not able to enjoy these ceremonies that acknowledge their death, even though they may be the ones that most deserve them. The last line of the first stanza foreshadows the coming volta as it shifts the focus from the conditions of death in war to the sadness that the deaths in the war brings to those who knew the soldiers. The sound of the gentle and beautiful â€Å"bugles calling† is a sharp contrast from the violent noises of the war but the mention of the â€Å"sad shires† seems to imply that this sad calling is coming from anonymous â€Å"shires† far away. The sad, and less violent tone of the last line of the octave is carried onto the second paragraph, in which the tone becomes contemplative and sorrowful. There is a volta as the focus shifts from the violence of the war to the sober yet sincere way in which these young men die at war, with no elaborate customs but with pure, untainted emotion. Owen begins this stanza with another rhetorical question: â€Å"What candles may be held to speed them all?† The term â€Å"speed them all† seems to refer to the passage to heaven, and thus we are made to wonder: without candles or ceremony, will the soldiers be able to find their way to heaven, or will they haunt the battle grounds forever? In the following lines Owen gives us the heartrending but optimistic answer that indicates that although the soldiers are neglected of the traditional funeral ceremonies, nature itself and those who love them give them a metaphorical ceremony that is much more sincere and pure. Therefore, although the candles are not in their hands, they are in â€Å"their eyes†. This metaphor gives the image of sparkling, glittering eyes, as if the soldier’s eyes were brimmed with tears as he died. This pure emotion of sorrow of â€Å"goodbyes† is suggested to be purer and more sincere than artificial and elaborate ceremonies through the use of positive words such as â€Å"shine†, â€Å"glimmer† and â€Å"holy†. Owen suggests that through pure emotions, the soldiers have their own special kind of funeral as the â€Å"pallor of girls brows shall be their pall†, which conveys how the sadness of their loved ones acts as their funeral covering. This substitution of emotions for the ceremonial objects continues in line 13, when the â€Å"tenderness of patient minds† metaphorically become these soldiers’ flowers. The last line of the poem is very powerful as it concludes the poem by showing how the deaths of the soldiers are being acknowledged in a way far superior to the religious ceremonies. Owen depicts the way in which instead of having the â€Å"drawing-down of blinds†, that is a traditional act of acknowledging their death, all of nature is metaphorically drawing the blinds by slowly becoming dark in a â€Å"slow dusk†. The adjective â€Å"slow† conveys the respect that all of nature is paying to these brave men, even as society forgets about them. Ultimately, Owen takes the reader through an incredible journey in this short but deep sonnet. He conveys the the horrors of war and depicts all the religious ceremony that these soldiers are ironically denied off. However, towards the end of the poem, Owen brings us to realize the strength of the emotions and sorrow of those who loved these youth as their raw feelings became the soldiers’ funeral. Although the poem is bleak and dark throughout, the last stanza is poignant and heartrending as we realize that emotions and love are stronger and more important than any customs or traditions.

Highlights of the German Pension Fund

There is a legal separation between the employer and the pension institution with the German pension fund.   It offers lifelong retirement benefits. The coverage of biometric risks – and not merely its function as an investment instrument – was one of the social requirements emphasized by the European Parliament but not adopted in the final draft.The plan guarantees participants a right to their benefits guarantees, a compulsory redemption of contributions, thus the employer guarantees the payment of the retirement benefits in the event that the pension fund should be bankrupted.Members will benefit from timely and accurate disclosure of information.The activities are subject to the monitoring of the Germany Supervisory Authority.Recognition has been given to trying to create a level playing field amongst service providers. The pension fund is the only financing instrument for which the complete subcontracting of biometric risks, asset management and administration is possible.The tax features make it attractive. The German Government adopted the recommendation on tax relief to contributions as well as the deductibility of pension costs as a business expense.   The pension plan makes it easier for internationally mobile employees to transfer their pension rights.I selected German Volkswagen Company and analyzed its pension plan (attached) according to its annual balance sheet.  Ã‚   Volkswagen places pension benefits under the liabilities column on the balance sheet.   The pension benefits plans are under-funded according to the balance sheet.How Volkswagen Accounts for Pension Provisions Financial ReportingPENSION PROVISIONSThe actuarial valuation of pension provisions is based on the projected unit credit method in respect of defined benefit plans in accordance with IAS 19. The valuation is based not only on pension payments and vested entitlements known at the balance sheet date, but also reflectsfuture salary and pension trends. Actuar ial gains and losses are recognized directly in equity, net of deferred taxes.PROVISIONS FOR TAXESTax provisions contain obligations resulting from current taxes. Deferred taxes are presented in separate items of the balance sheet and income statementDEFERRED TAXESDeferred tax assets are generally recognized for taxable temporary differences between the tax base of assets and their carrying amounts in the consolidated balance sheet, as well as on tax loss carry forwards and tax credits provided it is probable that they can be used in future periods.Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognized for all taxable temporary differences between the tax base of liabilities and their carrying amounts in the consolidated balance sheet.Deferred tax liabilities and assets are recognized in the amount of the expected tax liability or tax benefit, as appropriate, in subsequent fiscal years, based on the expected enacted tax rate at the time of realization. The tax consequences of dividend pa yments are not taken into account until the resolution on appropriation of earnings available for distribution has been adopted.Deferred tax assets that are unlikely to be realized within a clearly predictable period arereduced by valuation allowances.   Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset where taxes are levied by the same taxation authority and relate to the same tax period.(Volkswagen 2007)In a defined-benefit plan, the employer guarantees that the employee will receive a definite amount of benefit upon retirement, regardless of the performance of the underlying investment pool. A defined benefit plan promises a specified monthly benefit at retirement. The plan may state this promised benefit as an exact dollar amount, such as $100 per month at retirement.Alternatively, more commonly, it may calculate a benefit through a plan formula that considers such factors as salary and service — for example, 1 percent of average salary for the last 5 years o f employment for every year of service with an employer.In the defined-contribution plan the employer makes predefined contributions for the employee, but the final amount of benefit received by the employee depends on the investment's performance. In these plans, the employee or the employer (or both) contribute to the employee's individual account under the plan, sometimes at a set rate, such as 5 percent of earnings annually.These contributions are invested on the employee's behalf. The employee will ultimately receive the balance in their account, which is based on contributions plus or minus investment gains or losses. Examples of defined contribution plans include 401(k) plans, 403(b) plans, employee stock ownership plans, and profit-sharing plans.Cost and liability determined in this way for a pay-related plan are clearly â€Å"insufficient† when compared, for example, to the IAS19 or SFAS87 methodology, but the available deductions are generally more favorable than th ose allowed for by the various external pension vehicles (support funds, â€Å"Pensionskassen†, direct insurances and also reinsurance contracts for book reserve plans.)â€Å"These approaches have suffered under less favorable tax rules (tax limits on funding or taxation as employee income) or insurance supervisory law with prohibitively high insurance premiums (based on an interest rate of 2.75 percent).†In the United States a retirement plan is usually, tax exempt or tax-deferred.   The employer will contribute along with the employee in most cases towards a fund set aside for the employee's future retirement benefits savings fund. The employer on the employee’s behalf invests the funds; the employee then receives benefits upon retirement.The employee often has the option for early retirement, but savings benefits for the retirement plan in this case will be at a reduced amount.   There has been a growing concern in recent years in the United States with c ompanies filing bankruptcy and people losing their retirement, thus not all plans are secure investments for retirement.Comparing to American and German pension plans I can say that German pension plans are much stronger, guaranteed and beneficial for retirees. The reasons are probably different state policies. Germany is more socialistic country comparing to America. In Germany social services and benefits are huge comparing to America, for example in Germany healthcare is free and every individual are entitled to receive free healthcare and other medical services.ReferencesVolkswagen   (2007).   On the Internet at:     www.edgarscan.pwcglobal.comVolkswagen   (2007).   On the Internet at:     www.gutenberg.orgVolkswagen (2007).   Annual Report.   On the Internet at:http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/gb2007/content/en/annual_report_2007.html  Volkswagen (2007) .   Annual Report.   On the Internet at:http://www.volkswagenag.com/vwag/gb2007/content/en/annual_re port_2007Volkswagen AG Frankfurt Stock Exchange (2007).  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the Internet at:http://www.reuters.com

Personal Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Development - Essay Example In addition, some level of qualitative research will be conducted to determine real-life attitudes of currently-practicing nurses and administration (where appropriate) to determine what credentials or habits would be best-suited to an administrative nursing role. I believe these practices will enhance my knowledge of the nursing profession by being able to link theoretical nursing theory with tangible practice dynamics. As part of my vision for excellence in holistic nursing practice, servant leadership and transformational leadership will be critical to becoming a well-rounded nursing professional able to take a solid leadership position in a dynamic health environment. Servant leadership demands having a focus on others, providing empathetic and benevolence toward others while still developing my own professional competencies (Farazmand et al., 2010). Servant leadership demands being altruistic in virtually dimensions of practice, creating a global perspective that recognizes dive rsity of culture and non-biased servitude for a variety of different patients and professionals. Transformational leadership is also critical for becoming a Chief Nursing Officer as this requires the ability to establish followership, team performance and loyalty from subordinates. Fairholm (2009) describes transformational leadership as being inspirational, while setting a vision for team practice, and then routinely conveying this vision through role modeling and constant communication with team members. Transformational leadership requires the nurse to be a teacher and coach, helping others to develop their own competencies and, ultimately, self-actualization at the psychological level. Transformational leadership provides local-level leadership within the microeconomic health care environment. I must also be considerate of my own personal needs as a professional in this field. I have conducted several self-analyses regarding my preferred learning styles, personality type and lea dership characteristics. These assessments and evaluations have returned very consistent results that indicate I am well-suited for a servant leadership role, maintaining considerable empathetic characteristics and high emotional intelligence. An effective leader in a highly-visible nursing role in administration must be able to gauge the emotional states and needs of their followers and patients in order to provide effective care. At the same time, I must be equipped to regulate my own emotional responses in professional meeting environments, when dealing with disheartening patient scenarios, and when working with diverse cultural representatives. Personal satisfaction will come by finally being self-actualized in relation to my very legitimate desire to assist others in need. Personal satisfaction will also be achieved by having a dominant role in the organization, which tends to suit many of my personality characteristics. Based on honest self-assessment and the results of many d ifferent evaluation tests, I have many dominant characteristics when it comes to leadership, both socially and professionally. I am very self-confident about my abilities and my problem-solving competencies and therefore I trust in my

Comparative employee relations Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Comparative employee relations - Case Study Example On top of this, the expanding industrial society was drawing more children, women, immigrants as well as rural workers in to the urban culture. This pool of semi skilled labor as well as unskilled labor started to organize themselves in small groups in order to articulate their plight collectively. This marked the onset of trade unionism. The political dimensions or political orientations of trade unions have always been determined by the nature and type of political regimes existent in their economies all over the world. Due to this reason, many trade unions especially in former colonial states ended up forming themselves into political parties. In other democracies these trade unions concentrated only in their field of specialization and only rarely did they form themselves into political parties. The rise of trade unionism in Britain could be best analyzed on a modernization theory perspective. On the other hand, in order to understand the rise of trade unionism in Kenya, which happens to be a former British colony can only be best understood from a dependency theory perspective. Trade unions both in Britain and in Kenya have a long history of getting overly involved in political affairs. Surprisingly in both countries, there are instances where certain trade unions have turned into political parties and contested for national elections. Trade unions in Kenya have always had a political dimension ever since the struggle for independence from Britain began. Many trade unions were on the front line in advocating for the release of detained freedom fighters and ever since, they have always been very political. Trade unions in both countries have been highly involved in political campaigns, especially for political parties that they consider to be of importance to them. The British labor union was one of the driving forces of bringing the labor party to power. Likewise, the Kenya federation of labor was supportive of bringing the current NARC regime in to power in Kenya. Additionally these trade unions have always been keen on criticizing bad legislation or poor government policies in all sectors of the economy. In almost all countries of the world there is no country where trade unions have failed to conflict with the ruling regimes. This is in no exception to trade unions in Britain and Kenya. Kenya having been a former colony of Britain and given the fact that it is still a member of the commonwealth countries it shares a lot in common with not only Britain but with almost all of the commonweal

Great Pyramids of Giza Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Great Pyramids of Giza - Essay Example ructures have also been a great wonder as no building has been known to maintain such good condition after a long period despite the harsh weather conditions that the desert has subjected them to. None of these pyramids are more spectacular than the Great Pyramids of Giza located in an archeological site based on the outskirts of Cairo. These are made up of three pyramids that are located in close proximity with one another and next to another architectural wonder known as The Great Sphinx. There are a number of cemeteries and they are one of the most admired archeological sites in the world (Lorenzi). The pyramids are located around 5 miles from the town of Giza and thus the origin of its name. It has served as a symbol of ancient Egyptian prowess and is the only remaining ancient world wonders in existence making it the oldest of them all. The great pyramids of Giza can be referred to as a complex due to the close proximity of the three pyramids although it should be noted that there are different pyramids belonging to three different people, each with its own uniqueness (Ask Aladdin). Despite how they may look from afar, the pyramids are actually different in size with Pyramid of Khufu, otherwise known as the Great Pyramid the largest in size followed by the Pyramid of Khafre and lastly the Pyramid of Menkaure, which can be said to be modest in comparison to others in terms of size (Shafer & Dieter 41). The pyramids are located within a few 100 miles from one another, but from afar that distance looks much smaller due to the size of the structures (Hawass). As a matter of fact, one might actually get the impression that they are quite close even up to a few centimeters apart if they are far enough from the archeological discoveries. The great sphinx is believed to belong to the pyramid of Khafres as the monument was supposedly erected in his honor. The pyramid of Khufu which is the largest of the three pyramids is a complex that included a valley temple

Multiculturalism in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Multiculturalism in Britain - Essay Example Any perfect society embraces and cherishes the notion of cultural diversity and it encourages interactions between members of different cultures. In Britain, multiculturalism, when it was developed in the 1970s, had inter-cultural integration as its main objective. The foundation of the policy was based on â€Å"commitment to equal respect and an interpretation of equality as meaning that non-assimilation is acceptable† (Parekh 5). This means that the policy would ensure that communities lived harmoniously in the country without having to loose their identity and cultures. The multiculturalism policy in Britain has resulted in the presence of composite and hybrid identities that are not really common in other European countries. However, some groups in the country have taken advantage of the flexibility of this policy to advance their own personal and mainly selfish agendas. This has seen the rise of extremists groups in the country and a large portion of the population blames multiculturalism for giving extremists a chance to carry out their terrorist activities within the country. This has raised a lot of confusion and caused a lot of tensions with some communities being specifically targeted by others for deportation from the country. Multiculturalism, while its intentions are noble, has its own drawbacks that include freedom and possibility limitations (Slack). It is also seen by many as a means of legitimizing racism, hence the notion that it is divisive (Murray). In the past government efforts to bring national cohesion were compromised by attempts to bring up the question of xenophobia and racism within the populace. It remains to be seen what exactly it is that the coalition government led by Cameron will achieve in terms of putting in place measures to preach peaceful co-existence and acceptance in different communities that are represented in the country (Parekh 23). Cameron’s remarks that multiculturalism policy has failed should have b een accompanied by suggestions on how to make the situation better. The government has been for the last few years been at the forefront in condemning the actions of extremist groups, especially Islamic extremists who are out to cause mayhem and panic among Britons. There have been a number of successful crackdowns on these groups, but there is widespread fear that the entire Islamic community is being targeted. The government can do better to ensure that no one feels threatened by these crackdowns or by the extremists. The Labour Party has its own Prevent Strategy which seeks to prevent violent extremism in Britain. The question is whether such a policy would enhance cohesion or cause even more tension in a country that already has reservations about accepting certain people in its midst. Many Muslims in the country have discredited the Prevent Strategy which they claim is being used as a spying mechanism on them (Modood 97). It is clear that the Prevent strategy would not really w ork at the moment since a lot of communities would feel targeted. What Britain needs is a well planned integration policy that encourages communities to live together without prejudice. 2002 Home Office White Paper stated that â€Å"

Are Kids Who Kill Victims or Offenders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

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Triangulation in Geometry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Triangulation in Geometry - Research Paper Example More specifically, it can be defined as the underlying space of a simplicial complex. Here, a polyhedron can be viewed as an intersection of halfspaces (Webster 1994). Then, a convex polytope may be defined as the convex hull of a finite set of points (which are always bounded), or as a bounded intersection of a finite set of half-spaces (Webster 1994). More specifically, it can be defined as a finite region of -dimensional space enclosed by a finite number of hyperplanes. The part of the polytope that lies in one of the bounding hyperplanes is called a cell (Weisstein 2002). Simplex is the generalization of a tetrahedral region of space to -D. The boundary of a -simplex has -faces (vertices), -faces (edges), and -faces, where is a binomial coefficient. The simplex named because it represents the simplest possible polytope in any given space (Weisstein 2002). Simplicial complex is a space with a triangulation. Formally, a simplicial complex in is a collection of simplices in such that: (i) every face of a simplex of is in , and (ii) the intersection of any two simplices of is a face of each of them (Munkres 1993). Objects in the space made up of only the simplices in the triangulation of the space are called simplicial subcomplexes (Weisstein 2002). Usually, surface is a -D submanifold of -D Euclidean space. More generally, surface is an -D submanifold of an -D manifold, or in general, any codimension-1 subobject in an object like a Banach space or an infinitedimensional manifold. A surface with a finite number of triangles in its triangulation is called compact surface (Weisstein 2002). Genus is a topologically invariant property of a surface defined as the largest number of nonintersecting simple closed curves that can be drawn on the surface without separating it. In fact, it is the number of holes in a surface (Weisstein 2002). The geometric genus of a surface is related to the Euler characteristic by . Our final key definition is for Betti numbers. Betti numbers are topological objects which were proved to be invariants by Poincar, and used by him to extend the polyhedral formula to higher dimensional spaces. Informally, the Betti number is the maximum number of cuts that can be made without dividing a surface into two separate pieces. Formally, the -th Betti number is the rank of the -th homology group of a topological space (Griffiths 1976; Weisstein 2002). 2. Euler's theorem Euler's theorem states relation between the number of vertices , edges , and faces of a simply connected (i.e., genus ) polyhedron () or polygon (), i.e. it states the polyhedral formula . Initial Euler's proof of the polyhedral formula is not irreproachable (Cromwell 1999). This proof is based on the principle that polyhedrons can be truncated. Euler's proof begins with a polyhedron consisting of a large number of vertice

Gender Issues Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender Issues - Assignment Example This paper describes situational gender issues relating to differences in communication, problem-solving and leadership. In addition, the paper proposes the best practices and action plans to strengthen the behaviors of both men and women in the workplace. It was at around 8 am on the day I observed an issue on gender at a renowned company. The manager had just walked in and his secretary, a very cute, petite woman with dimples, was busy arranging files in the office. She had a backlog on her desk. Suddenly, I heard a slap and then yelling sound. I quickly rushed into the room. On arrival, I found the secretary lying on the floor holding her cheeks and crying out to the top of her voice. I raised my voice to inquire what had conspired. The manager began talking to himself saying that the secretary had delayed his work, which was a deadline. He also claimed that the work was to determine his firing. On my investigation, I found out that the manager had some issues with his wife. The wife had relocated to her new apartment with another new boyfriend planning to engage in few months’ time. The situation was very daunting until the security officer walked in and took the manager away as everybody else waited for an ad hoc board mee ting to discuss the way forward. On further investigation, I found the manager had tried many times to seduce the secretary, but to no success. The situation clearly shows the differences in communication, solving problem and leadership between men and women. The styles of communication between women and men differ in many ways. Firstly, in times of a problem, women tend to talk to other women, unlike men who keep their problems to themselves or just see no reason for sharing personal issues. Secondly, women are relationship-oriented and always look for ways to connect with other women. Most

What is a Metaphysical poem Essay Example for Free

What is a Metaphysical poem Essay Metaphysical poetry What is a Metaphysical poem? There are many definitions of Metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical when applied to poetry usually involves Love, Science, Geology, Romance, Sensuality and mans relationship with God. Metaphysical poems are lyrical poems usually containing intense meditations, characterized by striking use of wit, irony, and play on words. Underneath the formal structure is the underlying structure of the poets argument. Metaphysical poetry usually contains conceits, which is an image which you extend, which you develop; an extended metaphor. The Metaphysical poetry follows the structure of a strong first line; these strong lines brings attention to other elements in metaphysical poetry. The term is used in connection with prose as well as with verse and so invites us to look at metaphysical poetry in a wider context. At the time Metaphysical poetrys definition was An equal of ideas yoked by violence together. However, it is very worms eating up his wife; both of the images have the idea of decomposition. The speaker also said he would use hundreds of years to praise his lovers different body parts, and such expression only implies their lack of time. Let us roll all our strength and all our sweetness up into one. Marvel has very cleverly used the urgency in the poem to apply to time and sexual activity. There is an image of someone who is toothless and this represents time. The end of the poem used monosyllabic words Yet we will make him run and this is a common characteristic of a metaphysical poem. In many of Marvells poems we find the same eight syllable iambic line, yet its effect can vary remarkably. The vigorousness of the argument appears in the breathless lines. Few lines are end-stopped, and the lines have rough power of speech. In addition, Marvell manages to marry a syllogistic framework with a passionate poem of seduction. The second poem is written by John Donne Elegie: To his Mistress going to Bed. The beginning of this poem is a classic sign of a metaphysical poem; it has a very strong and dramatic opening. It contains images of war and has alternative images all the way through, this is classic of a metaphysical poem. The subject is then changed to astronomy; Donne is talking about a Geocentric universe. He also uses a cliche from pastoral poetry, Flowery meeds th hills shadow steales. The similarities in the metaphysical poems that focus on religion is that poets often stretch the boundaries of what would have been acceptable at that time. Donne even says sexual intercourse is the same as religion, which would have been seem as blasphemy. Another, common characteristic of a metaphysical poem is constant puns running parallel with the subject matter. In this poem Doone is using puns in conjunction with religion. He also used many prepositions in one sentence in order to give effect; what I mean by that is, in one sentence Donne writes: Behind, before, above, between, below. These prepositions are short and sharp words, just like the actions. Usually the Metaphysical poets deal with many different subjects in their poems, Donne has done just this. He compacts geography, religion, warfare, sex, and geometry; there is even a reference to Spain. Metaphysical poetry usually contains Paradoxes and cliches. Doone uses a cliche is this poem when using religion, he says As souls unbodied, bodies unclothd must bee. What Donne is telling the reader is when you die you go to heaven and if your clothes are removed they will go as well. Another cliche Donne uses is Like pictures, or like book gay coverings made this basically says never judge a book by its over always look at what is inside. Most Metaphysical poetry has caesurae balancing some lines. Donne has even used a hidden triple pun; he has linked the idea f law, geography, religion and sex. Finally, The Flea By John Donne, which is one of his most playful poems. In this poem Donne has separated the thinking between arts and sciences which is called Disassociation of Sensibility. Donne has used unusual images, which have been extended and extended; this is called a conceit. It is not normal to write about a flea especially not a love poem about a man and a woman. The poet has used a strong line to begin, which is usual structure for a Metaphysical poem. The brilliant use of logic in this poem reflects the characteristics of a Metaphysical poem. The Conceit gets blown out pf proportion more and more; it also becomes more bizarre. Two people being married as a flea is quite a strange concept. However, the poet goes on to explain the bizarre nature of the poem. Donne explains that there are 3 Lives in one flea. However, common for this type of poetry, the poem does a sudden turn around. The flea becomes a beautiful, weightless object. Donne uses another common characteristic of Metaphysical poetry, he is over-doing the melo-drama and using an alliteration: false, fears bee. The final line finishes the poem in the typical way in which all of the Metaphysical poems end this is with monosyllabic words. The final line is about honour, which has very little to do with the rest of the poem it is false logic, yet emphatic. This is common structure for a Metaphysical poem, finishing with a complete change of direction in the argument. So to summarize, Metaphysical poetry can involve love, science and religion. Usually this follows a structure of beginning with a powerful line to start and prolonging the conceit all the way through the poem. Marvell uses this particularly technique quite often, drawing upon philosophy to illustrate his argument and giving the poem an intellectual

Hollywood And The Rise Of Cultural Protectionism Media Essay

Hollywood And The Rise Of Cultural Protectionism Media Essay As suggested by Elsaesser, 2005 Hollywood has been used to refer to various artistic goods from the United States of America that are very popular and well known globally. These products include TV programs, films, music as well as a number of world-wide broadcasters for instance CNN, MTV and Disney. The achievement of Hollywood is unquestionable; in 1998 the 39 films deemed to top the list of popularity and successes were of America origin. On the same note Hollywood in Europe has made the home movie industries struggle to hold even 30% of their nationwide market share. The issue of Americas cultural influence is conceivably felt most profoundly in France, where President Jacques Chirac said in 1999 that France refused to consider cultural products like ordinary goods, subject solely to the law of the market. (Scott, 2000) Additionally, other countries as far as Middle East and Asia and Africa are also feeling the American cultural influence as a result of Hollywood. This attitude is reflected in large subsidies to French creative industries and in laws which limit the amount of foreign material on television and in cinemas. Such cultural protectionism with no doubt has been deemed to be a burning issue in the World Trade Organization negotiations and is attributed to such activities as government sponsoring international broadcasting internationally in order to counter the American media perspective. The major examples of American films that influence culture in political philosophy, economic philosophy, social structure, education, religion and language include Air Force One, Cruel Intention, The Associate, Passion of Christ and Rush Hour in that order (Bruner, 2008). On this background, the essay is a critical examination of aspects of culture as being invisible, and using Hofstedes and Trompenaars definition the aspects of culture being promoted by Hollywood films are discussed. Similarly the various ways Hollywood films affect cultural values of people outside US are brought to light. Finally, the essay examines the issue of protectionism declining or being seen as insignificant. Discussions on whether countries should use protectionism or not to support their domestic film industries are also discussed. In the same line of reasoning, the paper brings forth other cultural industries that need protection from the government. Aspects of culture that Hollywood films promote around the world According got Hosfede definition of culture, he said that culture is mind software that ensures that it guides each individual in his or her daily interaction (Hofstede, 2001). He said that the entire individual carries with them a pattern of thinking, feeling and the way in which they act that has been learned through their lifetime experience. Much of what one has in life is acquired in once childhood due to persistence learning of certain aspects and the assimilation of some ideas. Therefore, as some of the thinking has been instilled in once minds, it changes one way of thinking and acting in his/her environment. Therefore, if such is required to be reverted, a lot more has to be done as it is very difficult to change the effect one has conceived for a bigger period than learning them in the first time. Trompenaar in his tempt to define what culture holds came up with different dimension that affect the culture. Therefore, this cultural dimension will be explored in regard with the effect that has been brought by the Hollywood films. Hollywood film has promoted different aspects of culture around that world in various films that they have produced. Though they have experienced many critics, their effects are paramount and cannot be ignored. Some of the cultural effect that the film has brought in the face of the world is political philosophy through their film Air Force 1. This film shows the capacity that the united state has in curbing terrorism. It brings about a vision where the government of US has great ability to fight about the terrorism in its own capacity undermining the strength of such government like Kazakhstan (Peer ally, A. 2008). The Hollywood film has a great effect on economic philosophy in the world through their films such as Cruel Intentions and The Pursuit of Happiness. Both the films show how economical crisis can lead to breakage of relationship and lack of enough resource can lead to engaging in vices as Cruel Intention postulate. Through these films, Hollywood has put a great impact on those people who are economically stable to be sited to have other wicked ways as being deceitful to their counterparts and taking advantage of the poor ones. The film has also made a lot of impact on social structure. Such movies as The Associates and Pretty Woman have been at the stage of culture diversification (Gudykunst Kim 1997). The film shows the level at which one is changed after meeting with other people no matter their caliber. The film shows people being able to change their working condition at taking time to socialization. The film is able to enhance the male social responsibility towards their female culprits when they are in time of danger. The Hollywood films have been equivocal in the nature of the impact they have had towards education. Dead Poets Society and Little Miss Sunshine are among the films that have been directed towards affecting the education. For example, in a Dead Poet Society film, the culture of education is portrayed as parent being so conservative in most of the world (Peerally 2008). This is where the parents decide on what their children are supposed to pursue in their academic future yet their children have different perspective, which should be respected according to their talents. These are some of the things that most of the communities are fighting across the globe. Therefore, the film has brought a lot of sensation on such education culture. Religion has also been in the receiving end through Hollywood films such as The Passion of Christ and the Love Guru film. Passion of Christ film has been the most controversial film that has received a lot of resistance especially in the Muslim world. This has to some extent been banned to be viewed in countries where Islam religion is rampant. This is because it has been viewed as to support Christian and by the people viewing it, they it will cause religious upgrade which is one sided. This is by purporting one faith and ignoring the Islamic religion. To the Christian world, it has contributed to the culture of religion and has been rampant in the idea of strengthening Christianity. Language has not been left behind as one of the aspects that have been affected by Hollywood films. Rush Hour and Borat: Cultural Learning of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan among other films has been in the forefront in the language diversification. The Borat show how the Kazakhstan girl changes her village after marriage to a US man. She is able to learn different language that helps her to bring many changes in her village including technology. Though this film was held with mixed reaction, it has made a lot of impact on the people around the globe. How Hollywood film has affected cultural values of other nations The film has been very predominant on the Christianity, thus undermining the other religion. Therefore, by promoting one religion according to Hall 1976, most of the viewers are conditioned towards the superiority that this religion has over other religion. To some extent, due to their high demand across the world, some of the government like the government of Malaysia has developed a soft spot towards its viewing by lifting its complete burn on some of the movies to the entire resident but restrict them only to be viewed by the Christians only. These films has supported Christianity very much in countries whose Islam is a strong hold. The films have caused Americanization globally through these films upholding American culture and beliefs and propagating their values to the whole world through these films. According to Hofstede1991, this has made the upcoming generation to be brought up in an environment that has very much been intoxicated by the US culture from the mode of dressing to language change that is regarded as urbanization in different parts of the world. Their movies have been the cause that affects people in the culture that they have in the communication patterns. They ensure explicit and implicit communication that ensures that they improve their values in other countries (Bram, 1997). They come up with the American way and even other way of communication, that seemingly is being emulated by the young generation that is changing towards their assimilation to this communication structure. These movies will affect on the way people outside US make their decision. They show streams of decision-making process that the actors uses that eventually turns to be either successful or failure according to certain circumstances. This may see some of the people across the globe emulate the movie sterling in making their own decision in regards to the way they have portrayed in some of the movies. This will eventually turn to be a holistic way in which a decision is executed to cater for certain occasion especially by the young generation who may be at high risk of emulating these ideas. Some of the movies like The Lord of the Ring have been portrayed as the one that show struggle between god and evil. Therefore, people who are out of the America and are not at the verge of understanding their culture right away may take it as war between Muslim and Christianity. This may deepen the hatred that has been perennial among this religious group and always causing havoc amongst them. Aspects that make Hollywood movies to have effects on other nations Realia The use of film as the Hollywood has been using can bring lots of change in the cultural world. The movies use Realia in their production that enhances authenticity of the communication that enhances the culture that they want to bring about. Realia is a communicative language teaching that uses life materials from the culture that has been targeted to provide the audience with a dose of reality. This is seen inmost films such as Passion of Christ, which has been shooting in Italy where it is incorporated with the roman culture being more real and with then authenticity that makes it very convincing. They are able to use war jets and real staged information that makes the audience to be susceptible towards the effect that the film portrays. Saviors This is the ability of using and coming up with intercultural communicative experience that is so rampant in the Hollywood movies. They are able to incorporate the altitude for example some people from other countries has in different aspect of life with their knowledge of certain professional features like armed forces, and their skills especially in the intercultural communication in the films. This acts as ne of the most convincing aspect towards the change of the people behaviors. The curiosity that has been encompassed therein creates a lot of passion for the films making them to be a source of irresistible culture change aspects. It creates curiosity to the people feel that they are supposed to discover unfamiliar phenomena especially about themselves. This is by creation of stereotypes in different communities making the community concerned to be ell aware of how the world thinks of them (Adler, 1991). This makes them to try as much as possible either to counter that or to be self aware about themselves. Social cultural knowledge The movies have ever been at the core point of making the world aware of the cultural and social diversity of people around the globe. They do this by the way they display each culture according to the way they act their movies making their audience emulates some of the cultures especially the ones that has been displayed positively across the film. This has affected the people culture around the globe by trying to incorporate different culture as portrayed in the movies. Mostly, the American culture has been the most borrowed by the film lovers across the globe. Therefore, this has made most critics to accuse the Hollywood filmmakers of trying to instill American cultures and social values to the whole world making other cultural values that had been held with a lot of esteem to start fading or be lost in confusion of integrated culture from different places. Islamic religion has been the most critical of Hollywood work due to them inclining themselves in one religion and using of c ulture that the Islamic religion do not allow in their countries. They claim that they cause disintegration of morals and there are not viable to be viewed in their countries. Most of these movies are the cause of westernization in most the other part of the world. Cultural dimensions The film has brought about changes around the globe by creating a platform where people are able to acquire cultural awareness of other nations thus being able to identify and interpret and hence analyzing implicit and explicit values of each culture according to the phenomena that are attached in them (Adler, 1991). According to Trompenaar, he claims that the people culture is capable of differing due to what has been equipped in their mind. He called this mental program in his work he described different dimensions that causes cultural change. Power distance is the first dimension that has been brought to show how Hollywood film causes cultural change in the lives of the people outside US. This is by unequal distribution of power in the movies presented and therefore showing that the American government being more powerful than other nationalities that are antagonist in the plot. This makes people to have a certain view towards the capability that the US government has especially in the way they handle their security issues and fight against terrorism. The other dimension is uncertainty avoidance that is the capacity at which people from other cultural divide feels uncomfortable of unknown cultural situation. These movies brought about urge of the people to feel insecure to interact freely due to the kind of stereotyping that has been brought to each cultural group in the world. They make people to prepare for ambiguity that may emerge during their interaction, therefore culture change. Individualism and collectiveness is another dimension that has been coined in the pursuit of understanding the effects of the Hollywood films on the other part of the world. The film is able to put the degree of the cohesiveness that exists among different societies more pronounced in their films. This has made the people to start changing their way of living to ensure that they embrace the integrated living mechanisms and in the long run, forgetting some of their culture and social values (Hosted, 1991). Masculinity and femininity is also another aspect of dimension that has been affected very much through the emergence of these films. According to Trompenaar, he used masculinity gender role has a very distinctive contrary to femininity role which overlap (Adler, 1991). Otherwise, the movies have brought about roles of women to equally competitive as men roles are. They have been portrayed to be higher achievers thus changing the mentality of most of the society in the world especially where women are seen as weaker sex. Hollywood in the Global scene According to Bruner, 2008 globalization a concept characterized mainly by free movement of people, capital, goods and services has seen to it that the world has turned to be a global village. Through globalization, Hollywood has captured market in the entire world toping in most of the films. Strictly speaking, there are various movies that have been released by Hollywood that have influenced various aspects of the worlds thinking and ideologies. These include Air Force One, Cruel Intention, The Associate, Passion of Christ and Rush Hour to mention but a few. The films have had profound effect on political philosophy, economic philosophy, social structure, education, religion and language (Scott, 2000). The wide spread of Hollywood products throughout the world and especially in Europe is attributed to the progressive dismantling of a number of formal barriers to trade as well as investment fostering creation of global market. Additionally, the urge for higher degree of economic inte rdependence as well as a higher desire of interconnection and advancement in technology has made this possible. Hollywood is credited for producing over 80% of films being watched globally and has increased its market share two-fold from 1990. It is worth to note that it is second after aerosol in contributing to US export. The industry not only produces films but books, music, TV programs, software as a single industry has contributed in the economy of America by providing individuals with thousands of jobs among other things. Its dominance has also seen to it that less than 1% of foreign films industries have a stake in the country. On the same note, Hollywood in Europe has made the home movie industries struggle to hold even 30% of their nationwide market share. Hollywood dominance dates back in 1920s; currently compared to 1980 where it received about 30% of its revenue from overseas it now receives slightly above 50%. In Japan, the industry controls slightly over 50% of movie industry. A globalized market as well as world market that fancy big budget and entertaining movies having the rig ht stuff are attributed to being the major determinant factors making Hollywood films has a very high demand. However, although there are agreements that globalization as well as Hollywood wide spread has had positive stride in the societies; various groups (government, journalists and citizens) hold that the benefits accrued from Hollywood going international have in one way or another undermined cultural identity of a given population within a sovereign state or country. It is worth noting that indeed common markets has had the capability of promoting comparable manners as well as the chasing and acquisition of analogous ways of life among the worlds population; the most affected and vulnerable groups are the youths. The result is that various stakeholders have held their breath with regards to their customs, traditions, beliefs, views, thoughts and heritage being washed away. As results, to counter the problem, the governments have initiated policies and other tools aimed at safeguarding the nations culture in the face of globalization. There are a number of trade controls which include taxes, subsidies and quotas have been put in place in order to protect and nurture home cultures. Protectionism By definition, protectionism has been thought as the advocacies, systems or theories aimed at protecting/coddling those local domestic producers by limiting or impeding by using subsidies, quotas and tariffs importation of products as well as services deemed to be of foreign origin. The phenomenon has been insignificant and in decline in the recent years although its applicability has brought both negative and positive impact to the industry (Cavusgil et al., 2008). It is no doubt that the mechanisms used in coddling domestic industries including film industries for instances tariffs potentially raise the prices of imported products from the United States as well as other foreign countries. This is usually aimed at making the goods and services to be less attractive to end-users as compared to domestic products that are cheap. Quotas aim at reducing the amount or quantities of products being imported have also been used as device to protect domestic industries. Historically, wars and economic depressions did play a role in encouraging protectionism (Rosen, 1981). On the other hand, peace, globalization, interconnectedness and economic interdependence have played a part in encouraging free trade. Strictly speaking the policies that encouraged protectionism was wide spread back in 17th and 18th centuries in Europe (Scott, 2000). In 19th century, Britain abandoned her laws that encourage the phenomenon and during the World War I tariffs were tremendously lowered in Europe. It is worth mentioning that in 1920s, raising economic and political temperatures brought about protectionism through custom barriers. This led to drastic shrinking of world trade. The signing of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade did help countries such as U.S reduce custom tariffs and tremendously cutting down quotas hence encouraging world trade. Nonetheless, such agreements as GATT and NAFTA have not been successful in curbing the problem as it is evident that a number of countries resort to protectionism when faced with foreign competition (Cavusgil et al., 2008). There have been very serious arguments as whether movies should be considered and treated just like any other good. Similarly, given the magnitude of the argument, a big question has been brought forth, should countries protect and support their own domestic film industries through protectionism? To fully address the issue the paper will try to analyze both sides of the arguments and arrive at a conclusion. In one side, there are those of the opinion that movies should be treated just like any other commodities in the market and opt to be given a comparative advantage where the best producers of the same should specialize on it; consume enough and export the surplus while at the same time import what it is not producing. Like any other goods and services, movies promote the well-being of individual in terms of political, sociological, economical as well as environmentally hence should be treated as such. On the other hand, those opposing the notion hold that people fail to understand that movies/films are distinct from the normal goods and services. They believe that films have a profound capacity to seriously injure or influence cultures of sovereign nations; this means also that political, sociological and economic philosophies are in the mix. The then Canadian prime minister summarizes this Movies are culture incarnate. It is a mistake to view culture as a commodityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Cultural industries, aside from their economic impact, create products that are fundamental to the survival of Canada as a society (Baughn Buchanan 2001). Mechanisms fostering protectionist Strictly speaking there are a number of protectionists policies employed in world trade and for these matter movie industries. They include tariffs, import duties, administrative barriers, anti-dumping legislations, direct subsides, export subsidies, exchange rates and international patent. Cavusgil et al., 2008 noted that the most commonly used in movie industry are tariffs, subsidies, quotas and to an extent administrative barriers as well as exchange rates. What necessitated protectionism against U.S films as well as other related product stems from being accused of cultural imperialism, cultural colonialism, and cultural hegemony (Murray, 2003). Tariffs or taxes are place on imported products. Although they vary from country to country the aim is to increase the cost of importation this in turn makes the product to be highly priced hence unattractive to end-user as compared to the cheap local ones this in the long run lowers the volume of imports. There are other countries that did resort to using administrative barrier on the grounds that the product spoil and erode their national culture (Baughn Buchanan 2001). This works just like administrative rules for instance safely of food, electrical safety among others this thus is used to bring to play barriers that impede importation. Import quotas can also be used where it aims to cut down the quantity of imported products increasing its market price. Quotas bound the number of screen shows to be aired by United States films or may call the domestic industries to make a given number of films within a specified period of time. Eventually this prevents customers from viewing the movies that they want to (Murray, 2003). Manipulation of exchange rate has also seen to it that a country lowers the value of her currency. This raises the cost of importing goods and lowering the cost of exporting hence aiding in improving the country balance of trade. This has been shown to be effective in a shorter. Subsides include government paying a lump-sum or offer loans at vey low interest rates to domestic industries in order to compete with their foreign counterparts. Subsidies can weaken the domestic film industries (Trumpbour, 2002). Arguments supporting protectionism According to Murray, 2003 proponents believe that there is dire and legitimate need for governments to restrict entrance of Hollywood product deemed American from entering the country as they will jeopardize the national culture as well as political and socio-ecological philosophies. This will also help boost local industry. Trying to come up with a better balance of payment or trade balance is one such argument brought forth by proponents of protectionism. This stems from the understanding that when importations are discouraged and exportation of the some product encourage, the country will have a favorable balance of payment. This assumption forgets the long-term consequences for instance, when a country limits importation of products from a certain country, there are also chances that the other country will limit importation leaving the other country with no place to sell her products (Rosen, 1981). According to Baughn Buchanan 2001 protection of infant industries from unfair competition has also been used to support protectionism. The nurturing of such industries will help the country pick up, employs her people resulting to a better economic state. Additionally, the idea according to supporters helps protect declining industries from worsening the existing structural unemployment. On the same note, protectionist has been hailed to help countries shield it from being dumping site. There are argument that America produce poor quality films filled with pornographic materials and negative depiction of other countries political religion and economic ideologies. Argument against protectionism Opponents of protectionism have brought forth arguments that support the notion that indeed the concept has turned to be armful to people it aimed to initially protect. Protecting Hollywood films from entering the global scene in the name of preserving cultural as well as traditional heritage is in no doubt aimed at nothing other than keeping the citizen trapped in the dark ages (Cavusgil et al., 2008). Preservation of culture is intellectual slavery considering the trend of globalization where the world has turned into a global village and people meet every now and then. Additionally, protectionism misses the point since Hollywood products are aimed at brining together the entire world to have a common ground where communication help spread of knowledge, ideas, and feelings. This help resolve the current stalemate in division and conflict. On the same line, protectionism although aim at promoting local and infant industries, the blockage of foreign screens will definitely block the affected countrys citizen from access to information as well as freedom of speech (Trumpbour, 2002). This in itself is a breach of the constitution under human rights. For instance, quotas will limit the quantity of screens being aired making the local citizen with very limited options. According to Elsaesser, 2005 Greenspan a former chairperson of Federal Reserve said that protectionism, leads to an atrophy of our competitive ability. If the protectionist route is followed, newer, more efficient industries will have less scope to expand, and overall output and economic welfare will suffer. In a broader scope the concept major aim is to discourage importation of Hollywood product, this definitely have a multiplier effect on a number of countries that are partners in trade. For instance, if a country in the Middle East reduces imports, this may probably lead to a reduced rate/volume of her exports and in the long run jeopardizing global output. More importantly, the whole idea works against the world trade agreements and also derails competition. The lack of competition brought about by coddling of domestic industries will mean that such industries will not have an opportunity to be challenged in the free market to produce high quality products. In my view, there are other methods other than protectionism that could be used to help protect a country to shield and support its own film industry. These include among others, competing under a free market environment a situation where competitive advantage dictates who survivors and who does not, while doing so, government should support such industries financially and using measures that are short-term. Additionally, there is need for government to form consortiums that will help evaluates movies as well as other programs before being released to the public (Baughn Buchanan 2001). Although there are other cultural industries that need to be protected by the government for instances tourism, it is evident that the negative impacts of doing so will bring down the industry. However there is need to have acceptable measures to address such issues as demonstration effect, pornography which comes with tourism.

suzuki 750 :: essays research papers

SUZUKI GSXR 750   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There it was the street machine. The Suzuki GSXR 750 staring back at me as I was in disbelief. Palms sweaty, jaw heavy as my mouth watered. The bike was immaculate and shining like a multi million dollar diamond ring. The lighting in the showroom brought out its true beauty. The GSXR is a superb machine that is bound to get noticed with 125 rear wheel horsepower and dry weight of 365 pounds. You couldn’t ask for anymore in a bike. It also has inline four cylinder dual over head cams and 16 valves pumping out 127 rear wheel horsepower. Pound for pound it was the best bike in the world with the most ruthlessly efficient balance of power. The sleek, aggressive Japanese engineering made the bike look ridiculous. The superman shaped headlight was one of a kind. Located on each side of the headlight were the flaring ram air nostrils making it look like a hungry bike. It has a color scheme of red, white, and blue and it looked like the American flag blowing in the wind. The only thing left was one last signature. All of the sudden the feeling of completion hit me like a sack of nickels and tunnel vision. Finally the transaction was done, all I had to do was to hop on and hang on tight. My adrenaline was pumping as I started the bike. The rumbling between my legs, I couldn’t take it anymore I had to go. A couple lefts and rights out of the parking lot and I was sitting at the intersection. Waiting for the light to turn green I was nervous and excited at the same time. I began to sweat, not because of the hot weather, but the pure fact that the beast was screaming for throttle. I hit the road and took it easy for a bit because this bike had the capability of taking my life. All my thoughts of death faded as a Mr. Ed smile ran across my face. I felt invincible as all my stress of reality and everyday life went away. It made me feel free with my mind going into overdrive with not a care in the world. I started getting comfortable so gradually giving the bike more gas. With half throttle I was already at 90 miles per hour. I hit a straight away and hammered on the gas.

Fences by August Wilson Essay -- August Wilson, Fences

In the play Fences, which was written by August Wilson, Bono, Gabe, and Alberta are all very important people in Troy’s life. Bono is Troy’s best friend, and through him the reader learns that Troy is a very strong character. Through Gabe, people can see some of the guilt Troy has inside. Alberta helped Troy escape from his problems, and have a few laughs every once in awhile. Each one of these characters tells the reader something different about Troy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the years, Bono has always been there for Troy. They have been friends for about eighteen years. Bono never hesitated to tell Troy anything, especially his opinion on Alberta. â€Å"I know what Rose means to you, Troy I’m just trying to say I don’t want to see you mess up.† (p.63) Bono’s words show the reader how much he cares about Troy. Bono was always straightforward with Troy. He even said, â€Å"That’s right. I know you. I know you got some Uncle Ramus in your blood. You got more stories than the devil got sinners.† (p.13) Much of Troy is shown in Bono because he has been with him through the good times and the bad.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another character who has helped reveal complexities about Troy is Gabe, Troy’s brother. Gabe has a metal plate in his head; caused by his time in War World II. The government in return gave Gabe monthly checks. The only way Troy was able to pay for his house was through the governments’ money. â€Å"That’s the only way I got a roof over my head†¦Caus...

The Big Sleep: Movie vs. Novel Essay -- Movie Film comparison compare

The Big Sleep: Movie vs. Novel      Ã‚  Ã‚   Film and literature are two media forms that are so closely related, that we often forget there is a distinction between them. We often just view the movie as an extension of the book because most movies are based on novels or short stories. Because we are accustomed to this sequence of production, first the novel, then the motion picture, we often find ourselves making value judgments about a movie, based upon our feelings on the novel. It is this overlapping of the creative processes that prevents us from seeing movies as distinct and separate art forms from the novels they are based on.    I enjoyed The Big Sleep by Howard Hawks, but can still recognize and appreciate the differences between it and Chandler's masterful novel. It is an objective appreciation of the two works which forms the foundation a good paper. One must look at the book as a distinct unit, look at the film as a distinct unit, and then (and only then) use one to compare/contrast the other in a critique. The film, after all, is not an extension of the novel&endash;as some would like to argue&endash;but an independent entity that can be constructed however the artist (Hawks in this case) wants. The novel is the inspiration; the film, the work itself.    Howard Hawks chose to film The Big Sleep in the genre of film noir; this seemed like the obvious choice for a hardboiled detective novel. Film noir is the "'dark film,' a term applied by French critics to [the] type of American film, usually in the detective of thriller genre, with low-key lighting and a somber mood" (Bordwell 479). By using this genre of filmmaking, Hawks had an effective vehicle with which to retain the tone of Chand... ...yer's daughter. In the book, Marlowe had less difficulty respecting his employer through his unnatural sense of chivalry.    Raymond Chandler and Howard Hawks both create incredible pieces of art with their individual representations of The Big Sleep. The differences between the works allow them to converse and argue with each other, thus creating a new interpretation on the themes of the story. Hawks' version seems to be about Marlowe's struggle with the unnatural world, Chandler's about a struggle with nature. The movie was well made, as the book was well written: both are sufficient to stand and to be appreciated alone.    Works Cited    Bluestone, George. Novels into Film. 1957. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1961. Bordwell, David, and Kristin Thompson. Film Art: An Introduction. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.

Health and Social Care Unit 1 P2,

Argyles theory Michael argyle was a psychologist born on august 11th 1925. He was one of the best known social psychologist who spent most of his career in the University of Oxford. Later on he gained a first experimental degree in psychology from Cambridge University in 1950 and later became the first lecturer in social psychology at the University of Oxford, also with London school of economics.The communication cycle. The communication cycle is when we understand what is being said, reflect and check out what the person you are communicating with is saying. When communicating to people we have to make sure they understand what we are saying and respond to it accordingly. The communication cycle has 6 steps. Step one- an idea occurs Have you idea of what you are going to communicate -Who you are going to communicate with, for example if they are older or younger than you and if so how much are they, or a work colleague -What the person on the recovering end should do with the info rmation for example if a parent asks the chid a question they are expecting an answer -What is the best way to communicate the certain information, for example if a doctor is telling a patient they are terminally ill they should say it in a gentle, caring tone and show that they care -Should I have used diagrams, charts, pictures or any other sign language for example if you are communicating with someone who has a speech, visual and hearing disability Step two-message coded The second step is that you need to code the message. You should think about what language you are going to talk to the person in and if they’re going to understand it, you also need to think about what barriers may affect the way you are going to put across this message. When you’re talking to a child you have to change the way you talk and use simple English and basic words so the child understands you properly. You may also need to think about using signs and symbols for those who have difficul ty communicating. Linked to the above example I would hoose my words carefully to be supportive but also give them the opportunity to express their feelings Step 3- send the message When sending a message communicate clearly and making sure that you’re saying the right things at the right time. Some things that you have to consider is that maybe the receiver of the message is having a hard time so you may have to think of sensitive things to say. You also have to make sure that you are communicating this information in a clear and understandable environment so you will have to make sure that the lighting is good and also that there’s no distractions wherever you are going to hold this conversation. Related article: Unit 4: Health and Social Care Level 3Step 4-message received The fourth step of the communication cycle is that the message should be received but this depends on whether the message is either spoken or written because there are different ways of storing the information and also converting the information. If you find something hard to understand you should always ask the speaker and they should be able to explain it again but you should always wait for the speaker to finish talking and not interrupt. If the message received is being read you should always find somewhere to read it quietly, not be distracted and if you don’t seem to understand it you should try and reply to the person sending you the message.Step 5-message code If the message has been sent effectively, you should be able to understand what is being said or written. For example if a carer asks their patient how they feel, they will respond by saying if they are feeling good or bad. Does your b ody language back up what you are saying? For example if a member of staff at a primary school is talking to a toddler their body language should be calm and inviting and their voice should be calm and gentle rather than tense Step 6-message understood The last step is of the communication cycle is to make sure that the message has been understood even though sometimes you may not understand the first time but you may understand if its explained more than once.It’s like if you were explaining something to someone who didn’t understand what you were saying you would have to explain it more than once for the information to be understood. Tuckman Tuckman looks at the way groups work together. The first part of Tuckmans theory is forming which is when someone meets someone new or more than one person/ people meet and start to share knowledge and information this might even be information about yourself and the other person The second part of Tuckmans theory is storming whi ch is when the task is given to the group members. Storming is when say a team or group of people put ideas across to each other and discuss these ideas.During storming although the group members don’t know each other that well they start to work together more and do less independent work. The storming part is hard because the fact that the group members don’t know each other properly will make it hard because different people might have different ways of communicating and this may be a barrier to communication. The third part of Tuckmans theory is norming so when the group have finished storming they start to move onto norming which is when everything becomes normal and the group gets used to each other and decide to start communicating without difficulties and without any kinds of problems.Stage four of Tuckmans theory is called performing, when the team starts to work together properly and get everything done. Everyone in the group knows what they’re doing an d are assigned tasks together or even separately and the leader of the group won’t have to even interfere only when there are some disagreements. An example of this is a new nursery starting up to start with a group of new people would come together under the leadership of the manager. Together they would start forming relationships and lead by the manager would start to develop the aims of the nursery. As they would come from various backgrounds they may all have different ideas to contribute and ways of oing things during the forming stage the group would identify ways to work together with the leader still making sure that all ideas are listened to, there would possibly be some disagreements at this stage and the manager would still need to do some leading of the group. Once the group have identified the way that they want the nursery to run and everyone in the group knows what they’re doing they move on to the norming stage where people begin to work with each othe r knowing what they should be doing and communicating effectively Finally after a while if there are no changes to staffing the group will work independently knowing what they are doing and will need little assistance from the manager most of the time.

Dr. King and Bertrand Russell

Famous Thinkers PHL/458 March 19, 2012 Creative ideas are the foundation of the creative process (Goodman & Fritchie, 2011). To change the way a person thinks about an issue, or to find a solution to the problem is what many of the ideas revolve around. The level of greatness that each thinker is famous for is acquired throughout their life. There are a few things that all famous thinkers have similarities in that allow them to hold the position a â€Å"famous thinker. † Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929-April 3, 1929) and Bertrand Russell (May 18, 1872-February 2, 1970) are two famous thinkers that are discussed in this paper.Each of these men changed the way people viewed the issues of the day through the creative process. King and Russell made identifiable contributions to society during an era of difficult social times. The subject matter of this paper will investigate dilemmas or ideas that both of these famous thinkers sought to resolve, and the solutions they came up with for accomplishments. The ideas in conjunction with obstacles from people challenging the change, and a lot of the solutions were in a constant state of improvement.However; each one of their individual solutions all met the test of logic, allowing them to conquer the battles and opposition to resolutions. The thought process of these two men required a substantial amount of time to change the way people think, and developed an outcome of their individual issues for a better cause. King believed in defending the inequality and unjust segregation of man. Russell beliefs lied in the revolt against idealism and analytical philosophy. The two of these men evaluated a problem in special manner to locate distinctive perspectives that no one else had visited.King and Russell both had patience to visualize their ideas and produce solutions to defeat the opposition. Changing the outlook that America had about equality and gaining civil rights for African Americans was the c ontribution to society that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave. He not only had a vision but Dr. King also had a â€Å"dream† that we would live in a nation where â€Å"†¦we will not be judged by the color of our skin but by the content of our character† (King, 1963). Dr. King vision actually challenged America to reevaluate and increase their alue structure to include the embracing diversity. Over the course of Bertrand Russell’s long career, he made significant contributions, not just to logic and philosophy, but to a broad range of subjects including education, history, political theory, and religious studies. In addition, many of his writings on a variety of topics in both the sciences and the humanities have influenced generations of general readers (Irvine, 2010). Dr. King was brought up during a time when there were around many social and political issues that consisted of inequality, racial tension, and oppression.Although he was around these negativi ties, he used positive influences to assist with establishing the required changes to right the wrongs of oppression. According to the King Center, although Dr. King experience racism at a young age and knew of the possible dangers he faced he still continued on his path. However, the dangers only required Dr. King to be more creative in obtaining civil rights and equality. The social and political environment surrounding politics and education influenced Bertrand Russell’s philosophical views.Not only was Russell’s socially active against the war, but he also was a very candid supporter of nuclear proliferation. In 1954 he worked with Albert Einstein and they released the Russell –Einstein Manifesto calling for the curtailment of nuclear weapons (Irvine, 2010). Eventually Russell’s anti-war protest landed him in prison and convictions, which led to him missing out on various teaching opportunities at different colleges. He strived to understand everyone in conjunction with his social philosophy; understanding nature. Dr.King was faced with many obstacles and his goal was to solve that of racism (animosity toward other races) and the injustice of inequality associated with it. This meant appealing to the principle of democracy and making the political system accountable. Mr. Russell’s problem he wanted to solve is the use of a logical analytical approach to determine the truth about common claims based on inference. This implies that every truth or claim should be the foundation of the logical constructions versus inferred entities. In order to offset the immoral acts of racism and segregation Dr.King’s resolution to the problem was advocating civil disobedience among African Americans. His philosophy maintained that it is the responsibility of each individual to disobey unjust laws (Ware, 2009). He had faith that integration was the solution to gaining equality, and he upheld a non-violent policy to achieve his goal. His non-violent policy was based on the belief that the battle against segregation should be fought in a courtroom instead of the street (Ware, 2009). Introducing a distinction between two unlike styles of knowledge of truth was Russell’s solution to his problem.Being direct, infallible, and certain is the first truth style and the second is open to error, indirect, and uncertain. He gave a good explanation for his position by proving that it is essential that indirect knowledge stand up to more fundamental or direct knowledge. Basically stating that theory alone does not show facts and you must have provable facts or direct knowledge. Dr. King’s mission for equal rights was his idea that everyone would stick to a nonviolent policy that encourages civil disobedience, and this assumption could have held him back.To request nonviolence under the circumstances of extreme adversity and ridicule requires a great deal of courage, discipline, and strength. Upon realizing this he revised his solution to reflect a peaceful demonstration in main parts of the country, and that helped to prove his reasons as morally correct. The moral scheme behind his cause and the conviction that this element would improve humanity shows that his solution met â€Å"the test of logic. † Even with his methods were different he still overcame opposition to his solutions.Eventually the methods were extensively accepted and implemented by his followers. Dr. Kings remained true to himself, his beliefs and most importantly his vision. He was profound, he believed in democracy and the persistence to accomplish goals of the civil rights. Dr. King was far from profane; he stood on the crest of ethics. Bertrand Russell’s idea that everyone would be believe all of his theories regarding realism and be as passionate about it was an assumption that could have inhibited his process.In the early part of the 1900’s the views concerning the truth, based on traditional v iewpoints was very real. He perfected his solution by utilizing analytical reasoning and logic to establish the direct relationship between direct knowledge and inferred knowledge. His resolution met the â€Å"test of knowledge† since it was provable and reasonable. By recognizing the myth of accepting a claim without realistic proof to back it up, he utilized the method of teaching and writing educational books to apply his solution.The creative process was used by both of the famous thinkers in this paper to identify a problem and to create the solutions to address the issues of their time. To be accepted by society the creative ideas that were used to resolve the issues had to be refined frequently and the perspectives in which they were viewed had to be distinctive in order to meet the test of logic. References Goodman, M. and Fritichie, L. L. (2011). Thinking like a genius. Study Guides and Strategies. Retrieved March 17, 2012 from: http://www. studygs. net/genius2. tm I rvine, A. D. (2010). Bertrand Russell. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved March 17, 2012 from: http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/russell/ The King Center (na) (2012). The Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change. Retrieved March 17, 2012 from: http://www. thekingcenter. org Ware, C. (2009, January 19). Martin Luther King and civil disobedience and nonviolence. Retrieved March 17, 2012 from: http://www. associatedcontent. com/article/1383676/martin_luther_king_and_civil_disobedience. html? cat=37

Culture Intervention in the School Essay

In (PLEASE PUT THE NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL HERE), students coming from different races and ethnicities are accepted. Thus, this creates a student body which is culturally diverse and different in terms of the beliefs, values, languages, and other aspects related to culture. People coming from different cultures are not expected to have a harmonious relationship right away especially with regard to their young age. However, there may be some forms of intervention that can reduce the friction, tension, and conflict due to cultural differences. Before delving into the details of intervention for culture, it is necessary to define culture to be able to target the right elements. Culture is defined â€Å"in anthropology, the patterns of behavior and thinking that people living in social groups learn, create, and share† (Bodley, 2005). This is comprised of the â€Å"beliefs, rules of behavior, language, rituals, art, technology, style of dress, ways of producing and cooking food, religion, and political and economic systems† (Bodley, 2005). Thus, the term culture encompasses a wide range of factors that paves the way for more differences among the students. There are several intervention measures that can be put into application in the school. First, it is important that there is an atmosphere in existent in the school that clearly sets a zero tolerance for bullying and by-standing within the premises of the school. Bullying and by-standing are common consequences of variations in culture. More often than not, the students belonging to the majority culture teases the students who are members of the cultural minority groups. This could lead to bullying and constant fear and inferiority for those who become the victims of the bullies and by-standers. With the foregoing statement, the school administration, in cooperation with the parents, should be able to make a concerted effort to make and agree on policies that will lead to harmonious relationships between the culturally-varied students. Corresponding sanctions should be placed upon the violations and their degrees should be identified. Moreover, rewards for those students who help in creating a stable environment and who makes a way to accept cultural differences in the school should be given a rewards in terms of academic and recognition factors. This is a long and tedious process and there are a lot of factors and minute details to be considered in making the policies. Also, through the cooperation of the parents, there will be reinforcement measures even when the children go back to their homes. It will not simply be a school responsibility for them but hopefully, will become a way of life and a part of their values. Second, there is a need for adult mentors to become visible to the students. However, they should not see these adult mentors as someone who would always pinpoint their mistakes and become an authoritative figure that will constrict their movements. Rather, these adult mentors should be perceived as persons who will be a help within their reach for any problem they have. Adult mentors will be based on a schedule formulated for each break period to patrol on places where the children mostly are and in places that become a favorable place for bullying. The procedures for this should be discusses together with the first culture intervention. Lastly, the students should also be involved in the efforts to have an environment which accepts cultural differences. This can be done by having one class period devoted to an open discussion regarding the different cultures of students and to highlight the exciting and new information about each culture. This way, the students will become aware that it is not only their culture that is in existent but there are a lot of colorful things to look forward to in the treasure box of another student’s culture. Also, the homeroom adviser or teacher could serve as a facilitator for discussion that will dwell on the different problems of culture they have in the school right now. The children are expected to understand this with a proper explanation from the facilitator. The facilitators of the group discussions will have to undergo training for this subject. References Bodley, J. H. 2005. â€Å"Culture. † Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2006 [CD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation.

Honor Killing

I believe that the murder of Desdemona was an honor killing. Othello thought that Desdemona brought him dishonor and gave him a bad reputation. While Othello was manipulated into murdering Desdemona, he was the one that had the physical choice. Iago constantly agreed with Othello, saying that Othello should kill Desdemona. This influenced Othello’s decision, but it was ultimately Othello that chose why he should or shouldn’t kill Desdemona. His choice was based off of his own reputation. He loved Desdemona, but after one rumor he decided to murder her because of what others would think.He believes â€Å"she must die, else she’ll betray more men† [V, ii, 6] and he later admits that he is â€Å"almost persuade[d] justice to break her sword† [V, ii, 16-17]. He tells Desdemona to â€Å"think on [her] sins†, trying to get her to realize that he would kill her for having an affair [V, ii, 43]. When he thought to kill Cassio, however, he was seeking revenge. He asked Iago, â€Å"how shall I murder him† [IV, i, 136]. It is more contemplated and decided than Desdemona. The contrasts between his thoughts on the two were considerable. Othello’s immediate thought about Cassio was â€Å"kill him† but he was more torn up about Desdemona.When explaining why he killed her to Emilia, he said â€Å"she turn'd to folly, and she was a whore† [V, iii, 146]. He didn’t care to listen to Desdemona. Othello killed her because he thought there was no other way to repair his reputation. He couldn’t live with the shame of an unfaithful wife. It was his honor versus his love, and he chose honor. This turns out to be the main theme of the story. If reputation were not a factor, Desdemona would not be dead. In the end of Othello, reputation trumps all else. Othello killed Desdemona out of shame, making the murder an honor killing.

Criminological Theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminological Theory - Assignment Example Many theorists have contributed by presenting theories linking crime to the fields of biology, psychology and sociology. The basic tenets of the biological, psychological, and sociological perspectives for explaining crime will be identified and discussed here. In the 19th century, Cesare Lombroso gave biological description of crime. Lombroso gave significance to criminals instead of crime (Beccalossi, 2010). Lombroso attached ape like characteristics to criminals. According to his theory, criminals were born criminals and contained facial and bodily features alike to apes. The criminals were considered to have big jawbones, high cheekbones, longer arms, larger ears, extra hand fingers and toe fingers, and much more (Gibson, 2002). According to Lombroso, criminals were â€Å"vain, vindictive, lazy, dominated by a thirst for blood, and delighting in orgies† (Beccalossi, 2010, p. 564). Lombroso criminal personalities were savage and contained animalistic physical features. He connected criminality as something that one obtained by birth. He gave specific consideration towards genetically characterized appearances of people and rejected any social happening linked with criminality of criminals (Gibson, 2002). After Lombroso, Charles Goring presented his theory of genetic criminology, but unlike Lombroso, he did not specified bodily features of criminals. According to Goring, criminals showed criminal behavior because of having low IQ (Rafter, 2008). Goring also explained criminals as having deviated towards criminality by birth. William Sheldon, another biological theorist, described different bodily appearances as descriptive of criminal associations. Humans, according to Sheldon, were to be divided in three types of bodies were ectomorphs, endomorphs and mesomorphs (Rafter, 2008). Out of these three types, only mesomorphs were the one who were deviated towards crime. They had intimidating appearances like muscular bodies and strong figures